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Overview
^ top ^
Building a new Death Star, a moon-sized, deep-space mobile battle station, would be a monumental
task requiring extensive planning, resources, and time
[1]
[2].
The original Death Star, designed to execute the Tarkin Doctrine, was approximately 120 kilometers in diameter and
was intended to instill fear and control over the Galactic Empire
[3]
[4].
The concept and design of the Death Star were inspired by the works of artist John Berkey and developed by the
likes of Grand Moff Wilhuff Tarkin and Sienar
[5]
[6].
The construction of such a massive structure would require a vast amount of materials, including
structural, thermal control, shielding, optics, solar arrays, lubricants, seals, and adhesives
[7]
[8].
These materials would likely need to be transported to space in stages, similar to the construction of the
International Space Station
[9]
[10].
Technological innovations would be crucial in the construction process. Cutting-edge experiments
and technologies, such as 3D printing construction systems and advanced battery storage, are being developed and
could potentially be utilized
[11]
[12]
[13].
The construction would also require a large workforce, with the original Death Star crewed by 2 million Imperial
personnel
[14].
The project timeline would likely span decades, with the original Death Star taking approximately
20 years to build
[15]
[16].
Risk assessment and mitigation strategies would be essential to manage potential cost overruns, delays, and other
adverse events
[17]
[18]
[19].
Finally, environmental and ethical considerations would need to be addressed. The construction and
operation of a Death Star could have significant environmental impacts, potentially contributing to carbon
emissions and other forms of pollution
[20]
[21].
Ethical considerations would also arise, particularly given the Death Star's intended use as a weapon of mass
destruction
[22]
[23].
Death Star: Concept and Design
^ top ^
The concept of the Death Star was explored even before the Clone Wars, as part of the Tarkin
Doctrine, which aimed to control the Galactic Empire through fear
[3].
The design of the Death Star was inspired by the artwork of John Burkey, and the models were created by designer
Colin Cantwell
[5]
[24].
The original design of the Death Star was a sphere the size of a Class-IV moon, measuring 120 kilometers in
diameter
[4]
[2].
The idea for the Death Star began with the Confederacy of Independent Systems designing the Ultimate Weapon, using
plans and concepts provided by Grand Moff Wilhuff Tarkin
[25].
Despite the efforts of the Empire to keep the plans secret, Rebel Alliance spies managed to steal the schematics
[23].
The Death Star is a fictional space station and superweapon featured in the Star Wars franchise,
capable of annihilating entire planets
[1].
The original Death Star, appearing in the 1977 film Star Wars, was destroyed by the Rebel
Alliance. A larger, more advanced second Death Star was constructed and featured in the film Return of the Jedi,
but was also destroyed by the Rebel Alliance
[1].
The concept of the Death Star was not initially included in George Lucas's outline for the
Star Wars saga. The idea was borrowed from the third act when creating the first film
[1].
The Death Star was designed by concept artist and spaceship modeler Colin Cantwell, who had
previously worked with Stanley Kubrick on the 1968 film 2001: A Space Odyssey
[1].
The Death Star's superlaser, capable of destroying entire planets, was powered by a
hypermatter reactor. The station also had a complex network of ion engines and hyperdrive field generators for
mobility
[4].
The first Death Star was 120 kilometers in diameter, while the second Death Star was 160
kilometers in diameter
[4].
However, some sources state smaller figures, with some inconsistencies among various writers for the Star Wars
franchise
[1].
The Death Star was defended by thousands of turbolasers, ion cannons, and laser cannons, and
housed a large number of military personnel, maintenance droids, and civilians
[1].
The Death Star's design had several flaws, including the power systems and the thermal
exhaust port, which was exploited by the Rebel Alliance to destroy the first Death Star
[4].
The second Death Star corrected several design flaws of the original, including the thermal
exhaust port and the surface defenses
[4].
The Death Star has become a cultural icon and a widely recognized element of the Star Wars
franchise, inspiring numerous similar superweapons in fiction as well as in other Star Wars works
[1].
The Death Star, a superweapon of the Galactic Empire, was capable of annihilating entire planets
[1].
It was designed based on Geonosian designs and the plans were codenamed "Stardust"
[26].
The Death Star's architecture included a core and heavily cross-linked segments to aid its structural
integrity
[27].
It was composed of four major components: the battle station, the Superlaser, the propulsion system, and the
hypermatter reactor that powers it
[4].
The Death Star also featured a complex network of real-space ion engines and hyperdrive field generators that
allowed it to travel like any other interstellar space craft
[4].
The Death Star's superlaser, a terrifying weapon capable of destroying a planet, was built
around a superlaser array. This design was revived from the ancient Sith who used massive kyber crystals to create
superweapons
[28].
The superlaser worked through the use of special crystals and focusing lenses
[29].
The first Death Star's superlaser was estimated to have a power of more than 2.4×10^32 watts, with an
optimum range of 2,000,000 kilometers and a working range of 420,000,000 kilometers
[30].
The superlaser used on the Death Stars was a Concave Dish Composite Beam Superlaser, with the first Death
Star's superlaser having eight tributary beams arranged in a circle around the concave dish
[31].
The Death Star's superlaser was a powerful weapon designed to destroy planets. The design
was based on ancient Sith superweapons that used massive kyber crystals
[28].
The superlaser worked through the use of these special kyber crystals and focusing lenses
[29].
The first Death Star's superlaser was powered by eight kyber crystals. Laser beams generated
from these crystals were focused and combined into a single blast
[32].
The superlaser could be fired at lower power to devastate an area encompassing roughly 1/8th of
a planet's surface. The recharge time on the reactors was nearly an entire day
[32].
The second Death Star featured a more powerful superlaser with improved targeting sensors and
power regulators. It could fire with enough force to destroy any capital ship in a single hit, while recharging
for another similar-strength shot in only 3 minutes
[28]
[32].
The First Order's Starkiller Base harbored a superweapon built into the planet's crust
that was capable of destroying entire star systems. This weapon was powered by drawing on the energy of a star
[32].
The First Order also used a miniaturized version of the superlaser to crack open a Resistance
hideout on the planet Crait
[32].
The fallen Emperor returned with hundreds of Xyston-class Star Destroyers, all of which were
armed with powerful axial superlasers that could destroy a planet with a single sustained burst
[32].
The design of the Death Star, a fictional space station from the Star Wars franchise, was
influenced by a variety of real-world elements. The devastating power of nuclear and hydrogen bombs served as a
significant inspiration for the battle station's destructive capabilities
[33].
Additionally, the climactic battle sequences, particularly the Rebels' first run on the Death Star, drew
inspiration from war movies such as the 1955 film "The Dam Busters"
[34]
[35].
This film, which depicts an Allied squadron's mission to destroy heavily defended German dams, parallels the
Death Star Trench Run in Star Wars
[35].
Despite the fantastical setting of the Star Wars universe, these influences highlight the franchise's
grounding in real-world history and technology
[33]
[35].
Material and Resource Requirements
^ top ^
The construction of a space station requires a variety of materials, including structural
materials, thermal control materials for on-orbit and re-entry, shielding against radiation and meteoroid/space
debris impact, optics, solar arrays, lubricants, seals, and adhesives
[7]
[8].
The International Space Station (ISS), for example, required shipments of steel, aluminium alloys, and other
materials
[36].
The construction process involves taking the space station into space piece-by-piece and gradually building it in
orbit
[9]
[10].
Additionally, resources from asteroids and other planetary bodies like the moon could potentially be used to
provide elements needed to build the station
[37].
The construction also involves multiple rocket launches to transport all the necessary materials into space
[38].
The construction of a space station requires a variety of materials. These include structural
materials, thermal control materials for on-orbit and re-entry, shielding against radiation and meteoroid/space
debris impact, optics, solar arrays, lubricants, seals, and adhesives
[7].
Structural materials used in the fabrication of spacecraft hardware should be selected by
considering the operational requirements for the particular application and the design engineering properties of
the candidate materials
[7].
High strength alloys of aluminum, titanium, and stainless steel have been in common use for decades
[7].
Thermal control materials are used to moderate on-orbit temperatures. These include passive
thermal control coatings or paints, multilayer insulation (MLI) blankets, and advanced durable ceramics
[7]
[37].
Radiation shielding is a major concern for astronauts living onboard a space station. Lead is
suggested for the exterior shell and exterior window shutters due to its radiation insulating properties
[37].
Solar array materials are also crucial. The International Space Station uses silicon solar cells
with ceria-doped borosilicate cover glass for power generation
[7].
Lubricants are needed for moving mechanical assemblies exposed to the space environment. Solid
lubricants include molybdenum disulfide, tungsten disulfide, niobium diselenide, graphite powder, silver, Teflon
(polytetrafluoroethylene), and nylon
[7].
Seals are used to maintain vehicle pressurization, pneumatics, and hydraulics. These may be made
of metal or elastomer
[7].
Adhesives are used in the construction of a space station. Two classes of adhesives are used -
structural adhesives, such as those used in honeycomb laminate manufacture, and non-structural adhesives, such as
the pressure-sensitive adhesive used for thermal control tapes
[7].
The cost of materials is the same as what it would cost on Earth, plus some % that it took to
take it into space. So cheaper materials will always be cheaper than more expensive ones
[37].
The 'economy' of supply and demand is considered to be the same as well, for
simplicity's sake, so metals will not end up being the dominant force in terms of cost due to asteroid mining
[37].
The supplies needed to create the space station don't necessarily have to come from Earth.
Asteroids and other planetary bodies like the moon could provide elements needed to build the station
[37].
The construction of a space-based military installation would require adherence to the Department
of Defense's Unified Facilities Criteria Program, which provides guidelines for planning, design,
construction, and operation and maintenance of real property facilities
[39].
The military construction (MILCON) program would be instrumental in planning, programming, designing, and building
the infrastructure of the installation
[40].
The construction process would also need to comply with physical security standards for the construction and
protection of Sensitive Compartmented Information Facilities (SCIFs)
[41].
The location of secure facilities and spaces within the installation would need to be strategically planned to
ensure maximum protection and security
[42].
Furthermore, any construction, development, conversion, or extension carried out with respect to the military
installation would be governed by public law, through the MILCON process
[43].
The construction of a space-based military installation would require adherence to the
Department of Defense's Unified Facilities Criteria Program, which provides guidelines for planning, design,
construction, and operation and maintenance of real property facilities
[39].
The military construction (MILCON) program would be instrumental in planning,
programming, designing, and building the infrastructure of the installation [87].
The construction process would also need to comply with physical security standards
for the construction and protection of Sensitive Compartmented Information Facilities (SCIFs) [88].
The location of secure facilities and spaces within the installation would need to be
strategically planned to ensure maximum protection and security [90].
Any construction, development, conversion, or extension carried out with respect to
the military installation would be governed by public law, through the MILCON process [91].
The MILCON process includes planning and programming facilities, determining facility project
planning, and military construction programming
[44].
The process also involves the development of MILCON projects, which includes determining
requirements, evaluating alternative solutions, and initiating programming actions
[44].
The MILCON program also requires compliance with environmental, safety, and health regulations,
as well as the consideration of sustainable design and development
[44].
The construction of a space-based military installation would also require the acquisition of
real estate interests, the provision of allowances for the physically handicapped, and the consideration of
seismic considerations
[44].
The construction process would also need to comply with airfield clearance criteria, air space
use, and joint use certification
[44].
The construction of a space-based military installation would also require the management of
solid and hazardous wastes, the consideration of environmental restoration programs, and the management of
underground storage tanks
[44].
The construction process would also need to comply with the requirements of the Air Installation
Compatible Use Zone (AICUZ) program and the Installation Development Plan (IDP)
[44].
The construction of a space-based military installation would also require the consideration of
air base survivability, conventional hardening, chemical protection levels and priorities, camouflage, concealment
and deception
[44].
The construction process would also need to comply with the requirements of the Defense Access
Road (DAR) Program, the Defense Medical MILCON, the Energy Conservation Program, the North Atlantic Treaty
Organization (NATO) Security Investment Program (NSIP), the DoD Education Activity (DoDEA), and the Emergency,
Damaged or Destroyed, and Contingency Construction Programs
[44].
The construction of a space-based military installation would also require the use of
relocatable (temporary) facilities
[44].
The construction of a space-based military installation would require adherence to the
Department of Defense's Unified Facilities Criteria Program, which provides guidelines for planning, design,
construction, and operation and maintenance of real property facilities
[39].
The military construction (MILCON) program would be instrumental in planning,
programming, designing, and building the infrastructure of the installation [87].
The construction process would also need to comply with physical security standards
for the construction and protection of Sensitive Compartmented Information Facilities (SCIFs) [88].
The location of secure facilities and spaces within the installation would need to be
strategically planned to ensure maximum protection and security [90].
Any construction, development, conversion, or extension carried out with respect to
the military installation would be governed by public law, through the MILCON process [91].
The MILCON process includes planning and programming facilities, determining facility
project planning, and military construction programming [82].
The process also involves the development of MILCON projects, which includes
determining requirements, evaluating alternative solutions, and initiating programming actions [82].
The MILCON program also requires compliance with environmental, safety, and health
regulations, as well as the consideration of sustainable design and development [82].
The construction of a space-based military installation would also require the
acquisition of real estate interests, the provision of allowances for the physically handicapped, and the
consideration of seismic considerations [82].
The construction process would also need to comply with airfield clearance criteria,
air space use, and joint use certification [82].
The construction of a space-based military installation would also require the
management of solid and hazardous wastes, the consideration of environmental restoration programs, and the
management of underground storage tanks [82].
The construction process would also need to comply with the requirements of the Air
Installation Compatible Use Zone (AICUZ) program and the Installation Development Plan (IDP) [82].
The construction of a space-based military installation would also require the
consideration of air base survivability, conventional hardening, chemical protection levels and priorities,
camouflage, concealment and deception [82].
The construction process would also need to comply with the requirements of the
Defense Access Road (DAR) Program, the Defense Medical MILCON, the Energy Conservation Program, the North Atlantic
Treaty Organization (NATO) Security Investment Program (NSIP), the DoD Education Activity (DoDEA), and the
Emergency, Damaged or Destroyed, and Contingency Construction Programs [82].
The construction of a space-based military installation would also require the use of
relocatable (temporary) facilities [82].
[39]
The construction of a space-based military installation would require adherence to
the Department of Defense's Unified Facilities Criteria Program, which provides guidelines for planning,
design, construction, and operation and maintenance of real property facilities [83].
The military construction (MILCON) program would be instrumental in planning,
programming, designing, and building the infrastructure of the installation [87].
The construction process would also need to comply with physical security standards
for the construction and protection of Sensitive Compartmented Information Facilities (SCIFs) [88].
The location of secure facilities and spaces within the installation would need to be
strategically planned to ensure maximum protection and security [90].
Any construction, development, conversion, or extension carried out with respect to
the military installation would be governed by public law, through the MILCON process [91].
The MILCON process includes planning and programming facilities, determining facility
project planning, and military construction programming [82].
The process also involves the development of MILCON projects, which includes
determining requirements, evaluating alternative solutions, and initiating programming actions [82].
The MILCON program also requires compliance with environmental, safety, and health
regulations, as well as the consideration of sustainable design and development [82].
The construction of a space-based military installation would also require the
acquisition of real estate interests, the provision of allowances for the physically handicapped, and the
consideration of seismic considerations [82].
The construction process would also need to comply with airfield clearance criteria,
air space use, and joint use certification [82].
The construction of a space-based military installation would also require the
management of solid and hazardous wastes, the consideration of environmental restoration programs, and the
management of underground storage tanks [82].
The construction process would also need to comply with the requirements of the Air
Installation Compatible Use Zone (AICUZ) program and the Installation Development Plan (IDP) [82].
The construction of a space-based military installation would also require the
consideration of air base survivability, conventional hardening, chemical protection levels and priorities,
camouflage, concealment and deception [82].
The construction process would also need to comply with the requirements of the
Defense Access Road (DAR) Program, the Defense Medical MILCON, the Energy Conservation Program, the North Atlantic
Treaty Organization (NATO) Security Investment Program (NSIP), the DoD Education Activity (DoDEA), and the
Emergency, Damaged or Destroyed, and Contingency Construction Programs [82].
The construction of a space-based military installation would also require the use of
relocatable (temporary) facilities [82].
[45]
Technological Innovations and Challenges
^ top ^
Cutting-edge technologies for space station construction include the use of liquid resin to create
shapes and forms to support the construction of large structures in space
[11].
Microgravity conditions in space allow for the fabrication of longer and thinner structures without deformation,
which is a common issue on Earth due to gravity
[46].
Companies are also planning to build private space stations with artificial gravity
[47].
NASA is collaborating with ICON, a construction technologies company, to develop a space-based construction system
that could support future exploration of the Moon and Mars
[12].
Furthermore, advancements in robotics, sensors, and biomedical analytical instruments are contributing to the
development of space station construction technologies
[48].
SpaceX's 26th commercial resupply mission (CRS) is set to launch a series of cutting-edge
experiments and technology demonstrations to the International Space Station. These include advancements in
in-space construction, growing plants in space, and creating nutrients on-demand
[11]
[46].
One of the key technologies being tested is the use of liquid resin to create shapes and forms
that cannot be created on Earth. This technology, known as Extrusion, leverages the microgravity environment to
produce both common and complex branching shapes, potentially supporting future space construction of large
structures like trusses and antennae
[11]
[46].
Another experiment, Veg-05, focuses on growing dwarf tomatoes in space. This research aims to
supplement the typical pre-packaged astronaut diet with fresh foods produced in space, which is essential for
long-duration exploration missions
[11]
[46].
The Moon Microscope experiment tests a kit for in-flight medical diagnosis, including a portable
hand-held microscope and a small self-contained blood sample staining device. This could provide diagnostic
capabilities for crew members in space or on the surface of the Moon or Mars
[11]
[46].
The BioNutrients-2 experiment tests a system for producing key nutrients from yogurt, kefir, and
a yeast-based beverage. This could help maintain crew health and well-being on future long-duration space missions
[11]
[46].
The Orbital Assembly Corporation (OAC) plans to start building the private Voyager space station
with artificial gravity in 2025. The station will be the first commercial space station operating with artificial
gravity and will be able to accommodate 400 guests
[47].
The Voyager Station will be a wheel-shaped habitat that spins to create moon-like levels of
artificial gravity for occupants. It will feature amenities ranging from themed restaurants, viewing lounges,
movie theaters, and concert venues to bars, libraries, gyms, and a health spa
[47].
Before the Voyager Station can be built, OAC plans to construct a prototype gravity ring to test
the viability of stable artificial gravity in space. This gravity ring will also serve as a research platform for
international space agencies and private aerospace firms
[47].
The U.S. Army is developing the world's most powerful laser weapon, which is over a million
times more powerful than any other laser developed before, capable of vaporizing targets and interrupting
adversaries' technology signals
[49].
Laser weapons have many advantages over traditional weapons, including immediate engagement of distant targets due
to transmission at the speed of light, and less collateral damage due to directed laser energy
[50].
The U.S. Army is also working with Kord Technologies to put laser weapons on the ground as part of an effort to
modernize the battlefield
[51].
Furthermore, advancements in High Energy Laser (HEL) technology and hardware are making laser weapon systems
increasingly viable
[52].
Given the advances in space weapon capabilities of China and Russia, there is a need for a new debate on the
merits of fielding U.S. space weapons
[53].
The U.S. Army is developing the world's most powerful laser weapon, known as the Tactical
Ultrashort Pulsed Laser (USPL) for Army Platforms, which is over a million times more powerful than any other
laser developed before
[49].
The USPL is capable of vaporizing targets and interrupting adversaries' technology signals
[49].
It is designed to emit short pulses that rely on low energy, unlike current lasers which typically produce
continuous waves
[49].
The U.S. Army is also working with Kord Technologies to develop ground-based laser
weapons as part of an effort to modernize the battlefield [95].
High Energy Laser (HEL) technology and hardware advancements are making laser weapon
systems increasingly viable [100].
The U.S. is also considering the development of space-based laser weapons in response
to advancements in space weapon capabilities by China and Russia [96].
The Missile Defense Agency (MDA) is putting increased emphasis on the development of
directed-energy weapons for shooting down adversary missiles
[54].
The MDA has granted Lockheed Martin a $2 million contract to explore how directed-energy weapons
might be integrated with the agency's current systems
[54].
The Biden administration's Missile Defense Review issued last October noted the need for
non-kinetic options in light of changing threats
[54].
However, the development of laser weapons faces several challenges, including the need for
technological maturation, the high cost of development, and the need for on-orbit testing
[54].
Despite these challenges, the MDA believes that the technology for laser weapons is finally
maturing, with recent tests showing impressive results
[54].
Innovations in energy generation for space stations are being explored, with a focus on both
nuclear and non-nuclear technologies
[55].
One promising concept is the Space Solar Power Station (SSPS), which involves building an extra-large solar power
station in Earth's orbit to transmit electricity to the ground wirelessly
[56]
[57].
The UK is investing in a space-based solar power development, deemed viable based on a recent report
[58].
Additionally, electric propulsion systems that use energy collected by solar arrays or nuclear reactors to
generate thrust are being developed, reducing the need for storing propellants onboard
[57].
The Department of Energy is also exploring the potential of Space-Based Solar Power (SBSP), which could
revolutionize solar power generation by collecting solar power even at night
[59].
The Department of Energy (DOE) is developing space-capable energy technologies, both nuclear and
non-nuclear, for U.S. space customers. These technologies include innovative energy generation, collection,
storage, distribution, employment, dissipation, and thermal management systems for space systems
[55].
The UK government is considering a proposal to build a solar power station in space, which is
part of the government’s Net Zero Innovation Portfolio. The space-based solar power system involves a solar
power satellite equipped with solar panels that generate electricity, which is then wirelessly transmitted to
Earth
[58].
Space-based solar power stations have the advantage of being illuminated by the Sun 24 hours a
day, allowing for continuous electricity generation. This is a significant advantage over terrestrial solar power
systems, which can only produce electricity during the day and are weather-dependent
[58].
However, there are challenges associated with space-based solar power stations. These include
the difficulty and environmental impact of transporting solar modules into space, the potential for damage from
space debris, and the degradation of solar panels due to intense solar radiation. The efficiency of wireless power
transmission is also a concern, as only a small fraction of the collected solar energy would reach Earth based on
current technology
[58].
NASA is developing in-space electric propulsion systems, which can reduce the amount of fuel
needed by up to 90% compared to chemical propulsion systems. These systems use energy collected by solar arrays or
a nuclear reactor to generate thrust, eliminating many of the needs and limitations of storing propellants onboard
[57].
Electric propulsion systems can continue accelerating for months or even years, and they can
also slow down and change direction. This provides greater mission flexibility compared to chemical propulsion
systems, which can only go in the direction they're pointing when the fuel is ignited and have limited ability
to speed up, slow down, or change direction after the fuel supply is exhausted
[57].
NASA's Power and Propulsion Element (PPE) for Gateway will demonstrate advanced, high-power
solar electric propulsion around the Moon. This system will support lunar exploration for 15 years due to its high
fuel economy and ability to move while in orbit
[57].
NASA's Advanced Exploration Systems (AES) Life Support Systems (LSS) project is working on
developing reliable, energy-efficient, and low-mass spacecraft systems to provide environmental control and life
support systems (ECLSS) for long duration human missions beyond low Earth orbit (LEO)
[60]
[61]
[62].
These advancements are critical for future long-term crewed missions to the Moon and beyond
[63].
The life support systems are being designed to efficiently use nonrenewable resources from Earth while
increasingly relying on resources available locally in space
[64].
Even small systems, such as a working toilet or an automated fire suppression system, have to function reliably to
support life in space
[65].
The International Space Station's life support system has been extensively tested over two decades of
continuous crewed operation, providing valuable data for future advancements
[66].
Creating artificial gravity in a large-scale space station could be achieved through the use of
rotating structures, such as an O'Neill cylinder or a rotating wheel space station, which create an inertial
force that mimics the effects of a gravitational force
[67]
[68]
[69].
However, generating artificial gravity with large rotating structures poses challenges, including the need to mass
balance the entire rotating structure
[69]
[70].
Some companies are planning to build rotating space stations in stages, starting with small-scale prototypes
[47].
There are also plans to develop large-scale structures optimized for resiliency, which could potentially be used
for creating artificial gravity
[71].
Despite these advancements, artificial gravity is still largely a concept from science fiction, and significant
technological advancements would be required to make it a reality
[72].
Manpower and Skillset Requirements
^ top ^
Building a Death Star, as depicted in Star Wars, would require a vast amount of resources and
personnel. The original Death Star was said to have been constructed by millions of people over a span of 19+
years
[73].
The construction process would involve complex engineering and technical skills, including the ability to work
with fictional materials like quadanium steel
[14].
The use of construction droids, which can work continuously without the need for food and water, was a key factor
in the rapid construction of the second Death Star
[74].
Additionally, the ability to work with detailed blueprints and models, as demonstrated by Lego and model kit
versions of the Death Star, would also be necessary
[75]
[76].
The construction of the Death Star was a massive undertaking, requiring extensive planning and
resources. The first Death Star was constructed from more than 1.08×10^15 tons of steel and had a diameter
of 160km, taking over 20 years to complete
[77]
[78].
The construction process was overseen by key personnel such as Bevel Lemelisk and his engineers at the
Empire's secret Maw Installation
[79].
The plans for the Death Star were delivered from Geonosis to Coruscant by Darth Tyranus at the start of the Clone
Wars
[23].
Additionally, individuals with specific qualifications, such as Teela Kaarz, were selected to work on the Death
Star's interior design and construction
[80].
The construction of the Death Star, officially known as Orbital Battle Stations, was a massive
project undertaken by the Galactic Empire. The first Death Star was constructed from more than 1.08×10^15
tons of steel and had a diameter of 160km
[77].
The construction process was plagued by numerous challenges, including sabotage, supply chain
issues, poor project management, and resistance to the Emperor's plans
[77].
The Empire had a special advantage in the construction process: the Sanctuary Pipeline, a tunnel
through hyperspace from the Core to Endor, which significantly sped up the transportation of materials and
resources
[78].
The construction process could have been significantly improved with the use of modern
technology such as 360° reality capture, AI-powered analytics, and immersive 3D models. These tools could have
improved efficiency, communication, decision-making, and problem-solving on the construction site
[77].
The construction of the Death Star was overseen by key personnel such as Bevel Lemelisk, an
engineer, and Dak Exhaustport, an architect
[78].
Despite the massive scale and complexity of the project, the Death Star had significant design
flaws, most notably the exposed exhaust ports which ultimately led to its destruction. These flaws were attributed
to a lack of coordination between the design and engineering teams
[77].
The construction of the Death Star was a highly secretive project, with only a select few
knowing where the resources for the project were going. This secrecy, along with ongoing wars and blockades,
complicated the supply networks
[77].
The construction of the Death Star took over 20 years to complete. This long construction period
was due to its unprecedented scale, numerous challenges, and the fact that the technology for such a project was
still being developed
[77]
[78].
Building a space station like the Death Star would require an enormous amount of resources and
expertise. The Death Star, as depicted in Star Wars, was made from a fictional metal alloy called quadanium steel
and was crewed by 2 million Imperial personnel
[14].
The construction of such a massive structure would be a monumental task, with estimates suggesting it would take
830,000 years of Earth's current steel output to build a real-life Death Star
[81].
The Death Star was designed to be a moon-sized, deep-space mobile battle station capable of annihilating entire
planets
[82]
[1]. Therefore, the expertise needed would include advanced knowledge in various fields such as materials
science, engineering, space technology, and weapon systems.
Constructing a Death Star-like space station would require vast quantities of raw materials,
such as steel, which at current production rates would take 182 times the current age of the universe to accrue
[14].
The Death Star would require a significant power source. The International Space Station
requires about 0.75W of power for every m³ of the space station, and even with 100% efficient solar panels,
the Death Star would still be 45 times short of the ISS’s power requirements per unit volume
[14].
Creating artificial gravity on the Death Star could be achieved by spinning the station to
create centrifugal forces. However, this would call into question the Death Star’s spherical design as the
centrifugal force is proportional to the radius of the circular path, meaning gravity would start to vanish
towards the center of the station or towards the poles
[14].
The concept of a Dyson sphere, a megastructure that harnesses all the energy from a star, could
potentially solve the gravity problem. However, Dyson spheres usually run into problems due to immense stresses
from gravitational forces
[14].
The use of nuclear fusion could provide enough power for the Death Star. However, the pressures
involved inside the reactor would be immense, requiring the use of some of the strongest magnetic fields in the
universe to contain the fusion plasma
[14].
The cost of constructing a Death Star is estimated to be $850 quadrillion, many times the U.S.
national debt of about $20 trillion
[81].
The best way to build a Death Star would likely be to mine asteroids and possibly the moon for
metals, print the massive parts, and then transport them to the neighborhood of the Earth
[81].
The Death Star's laser would require an output many times that of our sun, an extraordinary
amount of energy
[83].
The construction of a Death Star would also require a huge space industry infrastructure,
including the ability to launch many more rockets than we can today, and asteroid mining
[81].
The builders of the Death Star would be exposed to harmful ionizing radiation from space because
they would be outside Earth's protective atmosphere and magnetic field
[81].
Project Timeline and Milestones
^ top ^
The construction of the first Death Star began at the end of Episode III, around 19 BBY, and was
completed about 1 BBY, taking approximately 18 to 20 years to build
[15]
[16].
The Death Star was a moon-sized, deep-space mobile battle station constructed by the Galactic Empire, costing over
1 trillion galactic credits
[82]
[84].
The construction project was initiated to revolutionize Galactic governance, with the Emperor showing no personal
interest in the day-to-day affairs of the Empire
[85].
The Empire completed the construction of the Death Star, but Rebel Alliance spies managed to steal data tapes
containing its schematics, aiming to find a weakness within the superstructure and exploit it
[23].
The construction of the Death Star was a significant event across the Star Wars timeline, demonstrating the slow
and looming creation of this technological terror
[86].
The first Death Star began construction around 19 BBY (Before the Battle of Yavin), as seen at
the end of Episode III
[15]
[16].
The construction process was lengthy due to the sheer size and complexity of the Death Star, as well as the need
for secrecy during the early stages of its construction
[16].
The first Death Star was completed around 1 BBY (Before the Battle of Yavin), taking approximately 18 to 20 years
to build
[15]
[16].
The second Death Star's construction started during the Battle of Yavin, shortly before the
first Death Star's destruction
[15].
Despite the second Death Star being significantly larger than the first, it was built in a much shorter time
frame, with significant progress made by 4 ABY (After the Battle of Yavin)
[15]
[85].
This accelerated construction timeline is attributed to the Empire's experience and knowledge gained from the
construction of the first Death Star, as well as the allocation of more resources and manpower
[15].
There is some speculation that the second Death Star was a repaired and refurbished version of
the first one, but this claim lacks substantial evidence and is contradicted by the fact that the first Death Star
was completely destroyed
[15].
The Death Star projects were not only significant for their military power but also for their
political implications. The construction of the first Death Star began under the guise of the Confederacy of
Independent Systems/Separatists, before the Empire was even founded, as part of Emperor Palpatine's long-term
plans for dictatorship
[16].
The second Death Star's construction, on the other hand, was more openly conducted after the Emperor had
dissolved the senate and gained unlimited power
[15].
Building large-scale space stations involves several key milestones. One of these is the
development of new low Earth orbit commercial space stations by four U.S. companies, which is a significant step
in continuing NASA's research and technology development after the retirement of the International Space
Station
[87].
Another milestone is the successful completion of the second sub-scale Ultimate Burst Pressure (UBP) test by
Sierra Space for their LIFE™ habitat, a part of their end-to-end business and technology platform in space
[88].
Sierra Space also announced a pioneering full-scale "Burst Test" of their softgoods structure, marking a
significant milestone in the development of the world's first commercial space station, Orbital Reef
[89]
[90].
Furthermore, the concept of self-assembling large-scale space structures is being tested and worked towards, with
one of the selected projects being flown on an ISS mission
[91].
Four U.S. companies are making progress on new low Earth orbit commercial space stations for
NASA to continue its research and technology development after the retirement of the International Space Station
[87].
NASA contracted with Axiom Space in 2020 to provide a habitable commercial module to attach to
the International Space Station. Axiom Space is on track to launch its first module to the International Space
Station by 2026
[87].
In December 2021, NASA awarded space act agreements to Blue Origin, Nanoracks, and Northrop
Grumman to develop free-flying space destinations
[87].
Sierra Space, a partner of Blue Origin, passed a successful test milestone on a key piece of its
space station, the LIFE (Large Integrated Flexible Environment) module
[87].
Sierra Space successfully completed its second sub-scale Ultimate Burst Pressure (UBP) test for
the LIFE habitat, establishing the company as a leader in commercial space station development
[88].
Sierra Space announced a pioneering full-scale "Burst Test" of their softgoods
structure, marking a significant milestone in the development of the world's first commercial space station,
Orbital Reef
[89].
Sierra Space's LIFE habitat is a three-story commercial habitation and science platform
designed for low-Earth orbit (LEO) that will allow humans to live and work comfortably in space
[88].
Sierra Space's expandable space station module technology is highly scalable and flexible to
all existing and planned launch vehicle fairing sizes
[89].
Full-scale LIFE UBP tests will begin in 2023, in order to complete NASA’s certification of
the habitat’s primary structure for human use in space
[88].
Sierra Space is also building an array of in-space destinations for low-Earth orbit (LEO)
commercialization including the LIFE™ habitat (Large Integrated Flexible Environment), a three-story
commercial habitation and science platform designed for LEO
[88].
Both Dream Chaser and LIFE are central components to Orbital Reef, a mixed-use business park in
LEO being developed by principal partners Sierra Space and Blue Origin, which is expected to be operational by the
end of the decade
[88].
Managing large-scale construction projects effectively requires a dynamic approach and special
management strategies
[92].
It is crucial to have senior project managers who can identify inefficiencies and make necessary adjustments
[93].
The use of technology, such as scheduling software, can aid in detailing tasks and managing timelines
[93].
However, it's also important to have a consistent approach to developing successful megaprojects, which often
have high value, long timelines, and high risk
[94].
Learning from both successful and unsuccessful projects can improve outcomes and benefit the infrastructure
industry and the communities it serves
[95].
Effective reporting and control mechanisms are also essential for managing large capital projects
[96].
Lessons learned from previous space station construction projects highlight the importance of
safety in materials design, manufacturing, testing, launch, assembly, and operations
[97].
One significant lesson is the value of recycling to make spaceflight more affordable, as demonstrated by the reuse
of all water produced on the station, including human urine and sweat
[98].
Another key lesson pertains to the use of Leak Before Burst (LBB) criteria versus safe-life criteria as a design
tool for complex fracture critical welded structures
[99].
These lessons, along with others, should be systematically incorporated into subsequent projects to improve
knowledge management and learning culture
[100].
Furthermore, documenting these lessons accurately can help future project managers learn from past mistakes and
successes
[101].
The NASA Lessons Learned system is a database that contains official, reviewed lessons from NASA
programs and projects, including space station construction projects. This system is managed by the NASA Lessons
Learned Steering Committee and is accessible to the public
[102].
The International Space Station (ISS) program, initiated in 1994, has provided numerous lessons
regarding the safety of materials. These lessons range from flammability evaluation of materials, toxicity
findings for foams, compatibility testing for materials in fluid systems, and contamination control in precision
clean systems and critical space vehicle surfaces
[97].
Flammability testing methodology has been a significant area of research. It has been found that
materials' combustion characteristics in microgravity are quite different than those observed using standard
test methods. The best response to an on-orbit combustion event is to cut power and ventilation
[97].
Oxygen concentration conditions of operation set the oxygen concentration used for materials
evaluation. It was learned that it may have been advisable for the entire habitable volume to have been designed
and evaluated at a single concentration rather than two
[97].
Materials offgassing during the ISS program has been noted, particularly with the use of foam
materials. It is recommended that spacecraft materials groups be aware of the offgassing hazard with foams
[97].
Compatibility in fluid systems was extensively evaluated during the ISS program. Most fluid
systems compatibility requirements are only for the evaluation of gross compatibility, where the exposure time is
limited to hours. However, for long-lived spacecraft designs, other types of tests must be conducted to evaluate
system failure risk
[97].
Particulate contamination control is crucial. The habitable volume of ISS has a surface
cleanliness requirement of “visibly clean – sensitive”. It was learned that saving the cleanup
task to the end of the manufacturing flow is not effective. Regular cleaning operations and preventing
contamination redistribution are essential
[97].
The lessons learned from the ISS program and other large-scale human space flight programs,
including Apollo, Space Shuttle, Shuttle/Mir, have similar themes
[103].
Risk Assessment and Mitigation Strategies
^ top ^
Risk assessment for large-scale construction projects involves identifying and analyzing potential
risks that could impact the project
[104].
This process includes the identification, assessment, response, and monitoring of risks
[19].
A strong project team with diverse skills and expertise is essential for managing these risks, and all team
members should understand the risks associated with the project
[18].
The risk analysis should be conducted even at the planning and programming stage of a construction project, as it
enriches the decision-making process and helps in selecting the optimal variant of the project
[105].
Furthermore, risk control measures, such as commercial insurance or self-insurance, can be established to reduce
or eliminate sources of risk and uncertainty impact on the project’s deployment
[106].
High-risk large-space station projects, like the Space Shuttle program, often face a complex web
of political stakeholders, challenging business cases, and public perception, making risk management a crucial
aspect of project leadership
[107].
Mitigation strategies include collaboration strategies that not only reduce project risks but also enhance the
efficiency and effectiveness of project workers and their document management processes
[108].
Specific to space projects, mitigation strategies also include dealing with orbital debris, which is defined as
human-made objects in space that no longer serve a useful purpose
[109].
Risk mitigation also involves reducing the likelihood of a risk event occurring and/or reducing the effect of a
risk event if it does occur
[110].
Long-term solutions that reduce the impact of disasters in the future are also part of hazard mitigation
[111].
The International Space Station (ISS) is a prime example of a large-scale space project that
required significant advancements in System Engineering (SE) execution to manage the risks associated with
building and operating a multinational space station
[112].
The undermanagement of risks in large-scale projects like these can lead to substantial direct value losses,
potentially exceeding $1.5 trillion in the next five years
[17].
In-space assembly technologies are being reviewed to address issues such as high maintenance costs, aging
equipment functions, and limited fuel life in spacecraft operating in orbit
[113].
Risk assessment is a crucial part of a broader risk management strategy, aiming to introduce control measures to
eliminate or reduce any potential risk-related consequences
[114].
The construction of large-scale structures in the aerospace industry, such as large-scale space solar power
stations, is a major development trend, but the size of these structures presents a challenge as they cannot be
directly carried into space by rockets or spacecraft
[115].
Environmental and Ethical Considerations
^ top ^
Building a real-life Death Star would have significant environmental impacts due to the sheer
scale of the project. The extraction and transportation of the necessary building materials alone would result in
substantial carbon emissions
[21].
The construction process would also likely involve the use of fossil fuels, further contributing to the carbon
footprint of the project
[21].
Moreover, the activity would have a considerable impact on natural resources, potentially causing damage to nature
[116].
The cost of such a project has been estimated to be astronomically high, further emphasizing the magnitude of the
undertaking
[20].
Building a real-life Death Star would have significant environmental and economic impacts. The
construction process would require an enormous amount of resources and energy, which could lead to environmental
degradation and pollution
[81].
The original Death Star in the Star Wars series was akin to a nuclear weapon, with its
destructive power being instantaneous and total. However, the newer versions of the Death Star, such as the Star
Killer Base in The Force Awakens, are depicted as causing more gradual, geological catastrophes, reflecting a
shift in societal fears from nuclear apocalypse to environmental disaster
[22].
The construction of a Death Star would require a massive amount of steel, estimated to take
830,000 years of Earth's current steel output to create enough metal for the hull of the superstructure alone.
The rocket launches needed to transport these materials to space would significantly pollute the atmosphere
[81].
The cost of building a Death Star has been estimated at $850 quadrillion, many times the U.S.
national debt of about $20 trillion. This cost, along with the environmental impact, makes the construction of a
Death Star highly impractical and potentially devastating
[81].
The destruction of a Death Star, as depicted in the Star Wars films, would also have
catastrophic economic impacts. The loss of such a massive investment could potentially trigger an economic
depression of astronomical proportions
[20].
Despite these challenges, some experts suggest that asteroid mining and in-space 3D printing
could potentially be used to gather resources and manufacture parts for a Death Star, reducing the need for rocket
launches from Earth
[81].
However, these technologies are still in their early stages and would not eliminate the environmental and economic
challenges associated with building a Death Star
[81].
The construction of a Death Star, a moon-sized Imperial military battlestation armed with a
planet-destroying superlaser, raises several ethical concerns. The Death Star was designed to allow Emperor
Palpatine to more directly control the Galactic Empire through fear, which brings up issues of power misuse and
the ethics of instilling fear as a control mechanism
[3].
The construction process itself also involved sabotage and manipulation, as seen when Darth Vader leaked the
Empire's destructive plans to pacifist Galen Erso, whose experiments were essential to the battle
station's development
[117].
Furthermore, the Death Star's capability to destroy entire planets raises questions about the ethics of mass
destruction and the value of life
[3].
These ethical concerns align with the principles of clinical ethics, including beneficence, nonmaleficence,
autonomy, and justice, suggesting that the construction and use of such a superweapon could be seen as a violation
of these principles
[118].
The construction of the Death Star, a superweapon in the Star Wars universe, took 20 years and
was fraught with issues, including political maneuvering, resource allocation problems, and sabotage
[117].
The Death Star was initially a project of the Separatists, but the plans were recovered by the
Republic, which began secretly constructing the weapon
[117].
The project was shrouded in secrecy, with only the upper echelon of the Empire knowing where
resources were being allocated
[117].
The construction of the Death Star raises ethical concerns about the misuse of power,
the ethics of instilling fear as a control mechanism, and the ethics of mass destruction [186].
The Death Star was designed to allow Emperor Palpatine to more directly control the
Galactic Empire through fear [186].
The construction process involved sabotage and manipulation, as seen when Darth Vader leaked the
Empire's destructive plans to pacifist Galen Erso, whose experiments were essential to the battle
station's development
[117].
The Death Star's capability to destroy entire planets raises questions about the
ethics of mass destruction and the value of life [186].
These ethical concerns align with the principles of clinical ethics, including
beneficence, nonmaleficence, autonomy, and justice, suggesting that the construction and use of such a superweapon
could be seen as a violation of these principles [189].
Sustainable practices in large-scale construction projects involve the use of advanced methods
such as prefabrication, modular construction, 3D-printing, and material use optimization to reduce waste and save
costs
[119].
New technologies like direct air capture and carbon mineralization are also being incorporated to make
construction projects more sustainable
[120].
The integration of sustainable construction practices into the design stage is crucial, especially for high-rise
buildings, to ensure they are built in an environmentally responsible manner
[121].
Furthermore, the need for integrating sustainability with project management has been emphasized, particularly for
large complex construction engineering projects
[122].
Lastly, the construction industry has demonstrated that buildings meeting the highest sustainability standards can
be constructed at scale within conventional budgets
[123].
The engineering and construction (E&C) industry is under pressure to reduce carbon emissions
and pursue net-zero emissions. This is due to the fact that the built environment accounts for 39% of gross annual
carbon emissions, including operational and embodied carbon
[119].
To achieve sustainability, E&C companies are focusing on three potential solutions:
sustainable materials, sustainable methods, and sustainable models. These approaches aim to lower the carbon
footprint of buildings while keeping costs under control
[119].
Many E&C companies are integrating renewable energy and efficient construction into new
builds to reach net-zero emissions by 2050. The increasing global focus on climate change is incentivizing these
companies to incorporate sustainability into their construction projects, processes, and designs
[119].
Sustainable materials, methods, and models offer a route toward reducing embodied carbon and
creating a zero-emissions construction industry. These include strategic sourcing capabilities, effective supplier
collaboration, and oversight across procure-to-pay processes
[119].
Six critical success factors for sustainability projects have been identified: engaging local
stakeholders, taking a zero-waste approach, examining every component of the value chain, understanding that
trade-offs among people, planet, and profit are not necessary, conducting a full risk assessment, and investing in
technology
[120].
The use of sustainable materials, methods, and models can significantly reduce the building
sector’s carbon footprint. The cost of sustainable or low-carbon construction materials is expected to
decline due to lower ingredient costs of recycled or by-product materials
[124].
The E&C industry can overcome current challenges and increase the successful implementation
of sustainable buildings by defining a vision, developing a roadmap, driving and prioritizing
sustainability-targeted construction and retrofitting projects, using incentives to promote alternate materials,
and promoting data-sharing standards
[124].
The weaponization of space technology raises significant ethical implications. There is
international interest in controlling this weaponization, with attempts made to define and regulate it
[125].
The rise of remote controlled warfare, cyber warfare, and autonomous weapons in space has raised complex questions
about how these technologies conform to international laws of war
[126].
Ethical issues are at the heart of the debate about the acceptability of autonomous weapon systems, with concerns
about the loss of human control over weapon systems
[127].
The use of artificial intelligence in military applications also brings about ethical considerations, benefits,
and risks
[128]. It is crucial to address these ethical dilemmas to ensure the responsible use of space
technology.
The weaponization of space technology is a complex issue with significant ethical implications.
The international community has shown interest in controlling this weaponization, with attempts made to define and
regulate it
[125].
However, the debate is complicated by the inability to define what space weapons are, except for those that pose a
substantial danger to humanity, such as weapons of mass destruction
[125].
Space is increasingly being used for defense, civil, and commercial purposes, making the
weaponization of space a growing concern
[125].
The international community has made attempts to regulate the placement and use of weapons in space, but with
limited success
[125].
The existing forum for handling claims regarding harmful space activity depends on diplomacy, highlighting the
need for a standing committee with the stature, knowledge, and fairness to regulate, monitor, and adjudicate
[125].
The use of artificial intelligence (AI) in military applications also raises ethical
considerations. The U.S., China, and Russia are developing military AI, with each country's approach
influenced by their respective ethical, operational, and strategic risks
[128].
The U.S. public generally supports continued investment in military AI, but there is broad consensus regarding the
need for human accountability
[128].
Despite ongoing United Nations discussions, an international ban or other regulation on military
AI is not likely in the near term
[128].
However, there is growing recognition among states that risks associated with military AI will require human
operators to maintain positive control in its employment
[128].
The weaponization of space technology also raises concerns about the potential for an arms race.
The peaceful side of military power is also reliant on space, and orderly regulation of space weaponization can
help avoid a costly and potentially devastating arms race
[125].
In conclusion, while the weaponization of space technology and the use of AI in military
applications present potential benefits, they also pose significant ethical, operational, and strategic risks. It
is crucial to address these issues through international cooperation, regulation, and the maintenance of human
control over these technologies
[125]
[128].
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NASA
Looks to Advance 3D Printing Construction Systems for the Moon and ...
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Ad
Astra | Future Plans for the International Space Station
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Cutting-edge
Experiments Ride SpaceX’s 26th CRS Mission to Space Station
-
Cutting-edge
experiments ride SpaceX's 26th CRS mission to space station
-
Cutting-edge
Experiments Ride SpaceX’s 26th CRS Mission to Space Station
-
Cutting-edge
experiments ride SpaceX's 26th CRS mission to space station
-
Cutting-edge
Experiments Ride SpaceX’s 26th CRS Mission to Space Station
-
Cutting-edge
experiments ride SpaceX's 26th CRS mission to space station
-
Cutting-edge
Experiments Ride SpaceX’s 26th CRS Mission to Space Station
-
Cutting-edge
experiments ride SpaceX's 26th CRS mission to space station
-
Cutting-edge
Experiments Ride SpaceX’s 26th CRS Mission to Space Station
-
Cutting-edge
experiments ride SpaceX's 26th CRS mission to space station
-
Company
plans to start building private Voyager space station with ...
-
Company
plans to start building private Voyager space station with ...
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Company
plans to start building private Voyager space station with ...
-
US
Army developing world's most powerful laser weapon for a 'future ...
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Survey
and technological analysis of laser and its defense applications ...
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Get
to Know the U.S. Army's New Laser Defense Strategy - Popular Mechanics
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Engineering
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A
ROADMAP FOR ASSESSING SPACE WEAPONS - The Aerospace Corporation
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US
Army developing world's most powerful laser weapon for a 'future ...
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US
Army developing world's most powerful laser weapon for a 'future ...
-
US
Army developing world's most powerful laser weapon for a 'future ...
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Laser
weapons ‘finally’ seeing ‘real progress,’ Missile Defense Agency ...
-
Laser
weapons ‘finally’ seeing ‘real progress,’ Missile Defense Agency ...
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Laser
weapons ‘finally’ seeing ‘real progress,’ Missile Defense Agency ...
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Laser
weapons ‘finally’ seeing ‘real progress,’ Missile Defense Agency ...
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Laser
weapons ‘finally’ seeing ‘real progress,’ Missile Defense Agency ...
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FOR SPACE - Department of Energy
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The
Propulsion We’re Supplying, It’s Electrifying - NASA
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Space-Based
Solar Power | Department of Energy
-
ENERGY
FOR SPACE - Department of Energy
-
A
solar power station in space? Here’s how it would work – and the ...
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A
solar power station in space? Here’s how it would work – and the ...
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A
solar power station in space? Here’s how it would work – and the ...
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The
Propulsion We’re Supplying, It’s Electrifying - NASA
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The
Propulsion We’re Supplying, It’s Electrifying - NASA
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The
Propulsion We’re Supplying, It’s Electrifying - NASA
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NASA
Advanced Exploration Systems: 2018 Advancements in Life Support ...
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NASA
Advanced Explorations Systems: Advancements in Life Support Systems
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NASA
Advanced Explorations Systems: 2018 Advancements in Life Support ...
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Advanced
Life Support Systems on the International Space Station
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A
Makerspace for Life Support Systems in Space - Cell Press
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Top
Five Technologies Needed for a Spacecraft to Survive Deep Space
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gravity: Future tech explained | Space
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Search
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Company
plans to start building private Voyager space station with ...
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DARPA
is exploring ways to build big things in space | Space
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A
Huge Kilometer-Scale Space Station With “Simulated Gravity” Could Be ...
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How
was construction of the Death Star(s) kept secret?
-
So
you want to build a Death Star? Here’s how to get started
-
Star
Wars: How Death Star 2 Was Built So Quickly - CBR
-
I
Spent 22 Hours Building Lego's New Death Star So You Don't ... - Gizmodo
-
4D
BUILD - Star Wars Deluxe Death Star II Model Kit Puzzle 272pc
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Death
Star Construction Lessons: Empire Needed Reality Capture
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Death
Star Construction Time-Lapse - Evercam
-
Star
Wars Revenge of the Sith - Construction Of The Death Star
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Death
Star | StarWars.com
-
Teela
Kaarz | Wookieepedia | Fandom
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Death
Star Construction Lessons: Empire Needed Reality Capture
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Death
Star Construction Lessons: Empire Needed Reality Capture
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Death
Star Construction Time-Lapse - Evercam
-
Death
Star Construction Lessons: Empire Needed Reality Capture
-
Death
Star Construction Time-Lapse - Evercam
-
Death
Star Construction Lessons: Empire Needed Reality Capture
-
Death
Star Construction Lessons: Empire Needed Reality Capture
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Death
Star Construction Lessons: Empire Needed Reality Capture
-
Death
Star Construction Time-Lapse - Evercam
-
So
you want to build a Death Star? Here’s how to get started
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Could
We Build a Real-Life Death Star? | Space
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DS-1
Death Star Mobile Battle Station | Wookieepedia | Fandom
-
Death
Star - Wikipedia
-
So
you want to build a Death Star? Here’s how to get started
-
So
you want to build a Death Star? Here’s how to get started
-
So
you want to build a Death Star? Here’s how to get started
-
So
you want to build a Death Star? Here’s how to get started
-
So
you want to build a Death Star? Here’s how to get started
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Could
We Build a Real-Life Death Star? | Space
-
Could
We Build a Real-Life Death Star? | Space
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No
'Death Star' for US Military, White House Says | Space
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Could
We Build a Real-Life Death Star? | Space
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Could
We Build a Real-Life Death Star? | Space
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timeline
- Were there two Death Stars in construction at the same time ...
-
How
Long The Death Star Took To Build - Screen Rant
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DS-1
Death Star Mobile Battle Station | Wookieepedia | Fandom
-
Death
Star | Wookieepedia | Fandom
-
ELI5:
Death Star Construction Timeline : r/StarWars - Reddit
-
Death
Star | StarWars.com
-
Star
Wars: How Long the Death Star Took to Build - CBR
-
timeline
- Were there two Death Stars in construction at the same time ...
-
How
Long The Death Star Took To Build - Screen Rant
-
How
Long The Death Star Took To Build - Screen Rant
-
timeline
- Were there two Death Stars in construction at the same time ...
-
How
Long The Death Star Took To Build - Screen Rant
-
timeline
- Were there two Death Stars in construction at the same time ...
-
timeline
- Were there two Death Stars in construction at the same time ...
-
ELI5:
Death Star Construction Timeline : r/StarWars - Reddit
-
timeline
- Were there two Death Stars in construction at the same time ...
-
timeline
- Were there two Death Stars in construction at the same time ...
-
How
Long The Death Star Took To Build - Screen Rant
-
timeline
- Were there two Death Stars in construction at the same time ...
-
NASA’s
Commercial Partners Pass Milestones for New Space Stations
-
Sierra
Space Successfully Completes Series of Major Development ...
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Sierra
Space Sets the Stage for Pioneering Full-Scale “Burst Test” of ...
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Sierra
Space Sets the Stage for Pioneering Full-Scale “Burst Test” of ...
-
Life
in space: Preparing for an increasingly tangible reality
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NASA’s
Commercial Partners Pass Milestones for New Space Stations
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NASA’s
Commercial Partners Pass Milestones for New Space Stations
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NASA’s
Commercial Partners Pass Milestones for New Space Stations
-
NASA’s
Commercial Partners Pass Milestones for New Space Stations
-
Sierra
Space Successfully Completes Series of Major Development ...
-
Sierra
Space Sets the Stage for Pioneering Full-Scale “Burst Test” of ...
-
Sierra
Space Successfully Completes Series of Major Development ...
-
Sierra
Space Sets the Stage for Pioneering Full-Scale “Burst Test” of ...
-
Sierra
Space Successfully Completes Series of Major Development ...
-
Sierra
Space Successfully Completes Series of Major Development ...
-
Sierra
Space Successfully Completes Series of Major Development ...
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Managing
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Managing
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Planning
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big projects: The lessons of experience | McKinsey
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Effective
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INTERNATIONAL
SPACE STATION MATERIALS - SELECTED LESSONS LEARNED - NASA
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Space
Station Teaches NASA Valuable Lessons About Life Support Systems
-
Llis
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-
A
Lessons-learned System for Construction Project Management: A ...
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NASA
Lessons Learned - NASA
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INTERNATIONAL
SPACE STATION MATERIALS - SELECTED LESSONS LEARNED - NASA
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INTERNATIONAL
SPACE STATION MATERIALS - SELECTED LESSONS LEARNED - NASA
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INTERNATIONAL
SPACE STATION MATERIALS - SELECTED LESSONS LEARNED - NASA
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INTERNATIONAL
SPACE STATION MATERIALS - SELECTED LESSONS LEARNED - NASA
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INTERNATIONAL
SPACE STATION MATERIALS - SELECTED LESSONS LEARNED - NASA
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INTERNATIONAL
SPACE STATION MATERIALS - SELECTED LESSONS LEARNED - NASA
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Constellation
Program Lessons Learned Vol. I - NASA History
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Risk
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Risk
Management in Large-Scale Construction Projects
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Strategies
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Strategies
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5
Risk Mitigation | The Owner's Role in Project Risk Management | The ...
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International
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-
A
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A
Survey of Space Robotic Technologies for On-Orbit Assembly
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Environmental
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-
Could
We Build a Real-Life Death Star? | Space
-
Star
Wars: the evolution of the Death Star reflects Hollywood's growing ...
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Could
We Build a Real-Life Death Star? | Space
-
Could
We Build a Real-Life Death Star? | Space
-
Star
Wars: Experts calculate cost of Death Star... and its ... - BBC
-
Could
We Build a Real-Life Death Star? | Space
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Could
We Build a Real-Life Death Star? | Space
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Death
Star | Wookieepedia | Fandom
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Star
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-
Death
Star | Wookieepedia | Fandom
-
Principles
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Star
Wars Explains Why The Death Star Took 20 Years To Make - Screen Rant
-
Star
Wars Explains Why The Death Star Took 20 Years To Make - Screen Rant
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Star
Wars Explains Why The Death Star Took 20 Years To Make - Screen Rant
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Star
Wars Explains Why The Death Star Took 20 Years To Make - Screen Rant
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Sustainable
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Six
Ways to Build Sustainability into Projects | PMI
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Environmentally
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Integrating
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Construction and Buildings | Deloitte US
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Sustainable
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Sustainable
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Sustainable
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Six
Ways to Build Sustainability into Projects | PMI
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Sustainable
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Sustainable
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Defining
and Regulating the Weaponization of Space
-
Ethics,
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-
DOCUMENT:
Ethics and Autonomous Weapon Systems: An Ethical Basis for ...
-
Military
Applications of Artificial Intelligence: Ethical ... - RAND
-
Defining
and Regulating the Weaponization of Space
-
Defining
and Regulating the Weaponization of Space
-
Defining
and Regulating the Weaponization of Space
-
Defining
and Regulating the Weaponization of Space
-
Defining
and Regulating the Weaponization of Space
-
Military
Applications of Artificial Intelligence: Ethical ... - RAND
-
Military
Applications of Artificial Intelligence: Ethical ... - RAND
-
Military
Applications of Artificial Intelligence: Ethical ... - RAND
-
Military
Applications of Artificial Intelligence: Ethical ... - RAND
-
Defining
and Regulating the Weaponization of Space
-
Defining
and Regulating the Weaponization of Space
-
Military
Applications of Artificial Intelligence: Ethical ... - RAND
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